Hyphenation

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Hyphenation

Description

Hyphenation is used to connect two words (compound words) or two parts of a word to clarify the meaning of a sentence. The same two words may be hyphenated or not depending on context. Hyphenation may present a problem when searching for a term such as 'Steady state'. It is helpful to write 'steady-state measurement', to clarify that the measurement is performed at steady state, rather than implying that a state measurement is steady. But this does not imply that hyphenation is applied to the 'measurement performed at steady state'. Thus, the key word is 'steady state'. Compound adjectives should be hyphenated (steady-state measurement), but if the compound adjective follows the term (measurement at steady state), hyphenation does not add any information and should be avoided. Find more examples and guidelines in the grammarly blog on Hyphen and in apastyle.apa.org.

Reference: Steady state

MitoPedia concepts: Respiratory state, Respiratory control ratio 

MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry: Oroboros QM 

MitoPedia topics: BEC 

Communicated by Gnaiger Erich (2020-06-02) last update 2020-11-11

Examples on respiratory states and rates

Changes from MitoFIT preprint Gnaiger 2019 MitoFit Preprint Arch to BEC 2020.1 and extension in Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

• 'State of coupling control' and 'Coupling state', but Coupling-control state (NOT 'Coupling control state' - it is not 'coupling of a control state')
• Coupling-control ratio, Coupling-control state; but: P/E control ratio (if the name contains a fraction such as P/E or difference such as P-L, then no hyphen follows these symbols, to avoid confusion between the minus sign and the hyphen).
• Coupling-control protocol
• Uncoupling-control ratio; ROUTINE-control ratio
• LEAK respiration (NOT LEAK-respiratory state); LEAK rate (NOT LEAK-rate; but: LEAK-rate dependent flux control efficiency)
• OXPHOS capacity, but: OXPHOS-coupling efficiency
• Phosphorylation pathway, but: Phosphorylation-pathway capacity
• Electron transfer pathway and ET state, but: Electron-transfer-pathway state, ET-pathway state, E-L coupling efficiency
• ET capacity, but: 'ET- or OXPHOS capacity'
• ET-excess capacity, but: E-P excess ET capacity
• ROX state, but: ROX-linked oxygen consumption; Rox-corrected LEAK respiration

• NADH pathway, but: NS-linked respiration; special cases: N-pathway, NS-pathway
• Succinate pathway, but: Succinate-linked pathway; special case: S-pathway

Some less clear examples

• Pathway-control state: 'Pathway control state' would be simpler and the meaning is clear, but in line with Coupling-control state it makes sense to use similarly the hyphen in 'Pathway-control state'.
• OXPHOS-control ratio, but: Respiratory control ratio, Respiratory acceptor control ratio
• Flux control ratio and Flux control efficiency: there is no need to use a hyphen.
• Electron-transfer-pathway state - and should 'ET-pathway competent states' then be ET-pathway-competent states'?
• N-junction, Q-junction, Convergent ET-junctions (but: ET pathway)
• NS-pathway, PM-pathway; but: 'pyruvate-malate pathway' (NOT pyruvate&malate pathway); pyruvate-glutamate-malate substrate combination

Re-evaluation is required

• PM-pathway control state, GM-pathway control state, Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state, etc.
• NADH electron transfer-pathway state

References

Bioblast link	Reference	Year
BEC 2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1	Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1	2020

Keywords

• 

  The Blue Book 2020
  

• 

  OXPHOS-, ROUTINE-, ET-, and LEAK states; respiratory capacities (P, R, E, L) corrected for residual oxygen consumption Rox.

• 

  4-compartmental OXPHOS model. (1) ET capacity E of the noncoupled electron transfer system ETS. OXPHOS capacity P is partitioned into (2) the dissipative LEAK component L, and (3) ADP-stimulated P-L net OXPHOS capacity. (4) If P-L is kinetically limited by a low capacity of the phosphorylation system to utilize the protonmotive force pmF, then the apparent E-P excess capacity is available to drive coupled processes other than phosphorylation P» (ADP to ATP) without competing with P».

• 
• 
• 

  (P-L)/P is the OXPHOS P-L control efficiency. The biochemical coupling efficiency is independent of kinetic control by the phosphorylation system when expressed as the E-L coupling efficiency, (E-L)/E. (E-P)/E is the kinetic E-P control efficiency.

Bioblast links: Coupling control - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>

1. Mitochondrial and cellular respiratory rates in coupling-control states

» Baseline state

Respiratory rate	Defining relations	Icon
OXPHOS capacity	P = P´-Rox		mt-preparations
ROUTINE respiration	R = R´-Rox		living cells
ET capacity	E = E´-Rox		» Level flow
			» Noncoupled respiration - Uncoupler
LEAK respiration	L = L´-Rox		» Static head
			» LEAK state with ATP
			» LEAK state with oligomycin
			» LEAK state without adenylates
Residual oxygen consumption Rox	L = L´-Rox

• Chance and Williams nomenclature: respiratory states

» State 1 —» State 2 —» State 3 —» State 4 —» State 5

2. Flux control ratios related to coupling in mt-preparations and living cells

» Flux control ratio

» Coupling-control ratio

» Coupling-control protocol

FCR	Definition	Icon
L/P coupling-control ratio	L/P		» Respiratory acceptor control ratio, RCR = P/L
L/R coupling-control ratio	L/R
L/E coupling-control ratio	L/E		» Uncoupling-control ratio, UCR = E/L (ambiguous)
P/E control ratio	P/E
R/E control ratio	R/E		» Uncoupling-control ratio, UCR = E/L
net P/E control ratio	(P-L)/E
net R/E control ratio	(R-L)/E

3. Net, excess, and reserve capacities of respiration

Respiratory net rate	Definition	Icon
P-L net OXPHOS capacity	P-L
R-L net ROUTINE capacity	R-L
E-L net ET capacity	E-L
E-P excess capacity	E-P
E-R reserve capacity	E-R

4. Flux control efficiencies related to coupling-control ratios

» Flux control efficiency j_Z-Y

» Background state

» Reference state

» Metabolic control variable

Coupling-control efficiency		Definition		Icon	Canonical term
P-L control efficiency	jP-L	= (P-L)/P	= 1-L/P		P-L OXPHOS-flux control efficiency
R-L control efficiency	jR-L	= (R-L)/R	= 1-L/R		R-L ROUTINE-flux control efficiency
E-L coupling efficiency	jE-L	= (E-L)/E	= 1-L/E		E-L ET-coupling efficiency » Biochemical coupling efficiency
E-P control efficiency	jE-P	= (E-P)/E	= 1-P/E		E-P ET-excess flux control efficiency
E-R control efficiency	jE-R	= (E-R)/E	= 1-R/E		E-R ET-reserve flux control efficiency

5. General

» Basal respiration

» Cell ergometry

» Dyscoupled respiration

» Dyscoupling

» Electron leak

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» Hyphenation

» Oxidative phosphorylation

» Oxygen flow

» Oxygen flux

» Permeabilized cells

» Phosphorylation system

» Proton leak

» Proton slip

» Respiratory state

» Uncoupling

Bioblast links: Uncoupling - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>

Specific

» Artefacts by single dose uncoupling

» ATP synthase

» CCCP

» Coupling-control protocol

» DNP

» Dyscoupled respiration

» FCCP

» Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled?

» Noncoupled respiration: Discussion

» Uncoupler

» Uncoupled respiration - see » Noncoupled respiration

» Uncoupling proteins

» Uncoupling protein 1

» Uncoupler titrations - Optimum uncoupler concentration

Respiratory states and control ratios

» Biochemical coupling efficiency

» Coupling-control state

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» Electron-transfer pathway

ET capacity

» E-L coupling efficiency

» Flux control efficiency

» Flux control ratio

» LEAK-control ratio

» LEAK respiration

» Noncoupled respiration

» OXPHOS

» OXPHOS capacity; » State 3

» OXPHOS-control ratio, P/E ratio

» Respiratory acceptor control ratio

» ROUTINE-control ratio

» ROUTINE respiration

» ROUTINE state

» State 3u

» State 4

» Uncoupling-control ratio UCR

• Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1
• Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002

General (alphabetical order)

» Adenine nucleotide translocase

» Adenylates

» Electron transfer pathway

» Mitochondrial preparations

» mt-membrane potential

» Oxygen flux

» Phosphorylation system

» Proton leak

» Proton slip

» TIP2k

Other keyword lists

» Template:Keywords: Force and membrane potential