Template:SUIT-019
Steps and respiratory states
Step | State | Pathway | Q-junction | Comment - Events (E) and Marks (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1PalM | PalML | F(N) | CETF | PalML: Palmitoylcarnitine & malate, F-LEAK respiration, FL
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. Non-phosphorylating resting state (LEAK state); LEAK respiration L(n) in the absence of ADP, ATP, AMP (no adenylates). |
2D | PalMP | F(N) | CETF | 1PalM;2D
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
3Oct | PalOctMP | F(N) | CETF | 1PalM;2D;3Oct
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
4P | PalOctPMP | FN | CETF&I | 1PalM;2D;3Oct;4P
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway and N-pathway with convergent electron flow in the FN-pathway for evaluation of an additive or inhibitory effect of F. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
5G | PalOctPGMP | FN | CETF&I | 1PalM;2D;3Oct;4P;5G
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway and N-pathway with convergent electron flow in the FN-pathway for evaluation of an additive or inhibitory effect of F. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
6U | PalOctPGME | FN | CETF&CI&II | 1PalM;2D;3Oct;4P;5G;6U
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway and N-pathway with convergent electron flow in the FN-pathway for evaluation of an additive or inhibitory effect of F. Uncoupler titration (avoiding inhibition by high uncoupler concentrations) to obtain electron transfer (ET) capacity E (noncoupled ET-state). Test for limitation of OXPHOS capacity P by the phosphorylation system (ANT, ATP synthase, phosphate transporter) relative to ET capacity E in mt-preparations: E-P control efficiency and E-L coupling efficiency. In living cells: E-R control efficiency and E-L coupling efficiency. Noncoupled electron transfer state, ET state, with ET capacity E. |
7S | PalOctPGMSE | FNS | CI&CII | 1PalM;2D;3Oct;4P;5G;6U;7S
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway and N-pathway with convergent electron flow in the FN-pathway for evaluation of an additive or inhibitory effect of F. Succinate, S ( type S-pathway to Q). Noncoupled electron transfer state, ET state, with ET capacity E. |
8Rot | SE | S | CII | 1PalM;2D;3Oct;4P;5G;6U;7S
Succinate pathway control state (S-pathway) after inhibiting CI with rotenone, which also inhibits the F-pathway. Succinate, S ( type S-pathway to Q). Noncoupled electron transfer state, ET state, with ET capacity E. |
Step | Respiratory state | Pathway control | ET-Complex | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
## AsTm | AsTmE | CIV | CIV | |
## Azd | CHB |
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- Coupling control
- Pathway control
- Β» Electron transfer pathway
- Β» Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state, F
- Β» NADH electron transfer-pathway state, N
- Β» Succinate pathway control state, S
- Β» NS-pathway control state, NS
- Β» Glycerophosphate pathway control state, Gp
- Β» Complex IV single step, CIV
- Β» Anaplerotic pathway control state
- Pathway control
- Main fuel substrates
- Β» Glutamate, G
- Β» Glycerophosphate, Gp
- Β» Malate, M
- Β» Octanoylcarnitine, Oct
- Β» Pyruvate, P
- Β» Succinate, S
- Main fuel substrates
- Glossary