PGM-pathway control state

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

PGM-pathway control state

Description

PGM: Pyruvate & Glutamate & Malate.

MitoPathway control state: NADH Electron transfer-pathway state

SUIT protocol: SUIT-001, SUIT-012, SUIT-014

Pyruvate (P) is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA and CO₂, yielding NADH catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Malate (M) is oxidized to oxaloacetate by mt-malate dehydrogenase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Condensation of oxaloacate with acetyl-CoA yields citrate (citrate synthase). Glutamate&malate is a substrate combination supporting an N-linked pathway control state, when glutamate is transported into the mt-matrix via the glutamate-aspartate carrier and reacts with oxaloacetate in the transaminase reaction to form aspartate and oxoglutarate. Glutamate as the sole substrate is transported by the electroneutral glutamate^-/OH^- exchanger, and is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix by glutamate dehydrogenase to α-ketoglutarate ( 2-oxoglutarate), representing the glutamate anaplerotic pathway control state. 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate (isocitrate dehydrogenase, from oxaloacetate and glutamate by the transaminase, and from glutamate by the glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abbreviation: PGM

Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 5.3

MitoPedia concepts: SUIT state 

More details

» NADH Electron transfer-pathway state

» Additive effect of convergent electron flow

» Respiratory complexes - more than five

» Convergent electron flow

PGM_L

PGM pathway in the LEAK state can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

PGM_P

PGM pathway in the OXPHOS state can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

• SUIT-008

• DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014
• DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-008 O2 ce-pce D025

• SUIT-012
• SUIT-014

PGM_E

PGM pathway in the ET state can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

• SUIT-001

• DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt):SUIT-001 O2 mt D001
• DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi):SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002
• DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003
• DL-Protocol for permeabilized PBMC and PLT: SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004

• SUIT-012