Advancement: Difference between revisions
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::::Β» [[Advancement per volume]], d<sub>tr</sub>''Y'' = d<sub>tr</sub>''ΞΎ''βV<sup>-1</sup> | ::::Β» [[Advancement per volume]], d<sub>tr</sub>''Y'' = d<sub>tr</sub>''ΞΎ''βV<sup>-1</sup> | ||
{{Keywords Membrane potential}} | |||
== References == | == References == |
Revision as of 17:38, 18 November 2018
Description
In an isomorphic analysis, any form of flow is the advancement of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific motive unit [MUβs-1], e.g., ampere for electric flow or current, Iel = delΞΎ/dt [Aβ‘Cβs-1], watt for thermal or heat flow, Ith = dthΞΎ/dt [Wβ‘Jβs-1], and for chemical flow of reaction, Ir = drΞΎ/dt, the unit is [molβs-1] (extent of reaction per time). The corresponding motive forces are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [JβMU-1], expressed in volt for electric force, ΞelF = βG/βelΞΎ [Vβ‘JβC-1], dimensionless for thermal force, ΞthF = βG/βthΞΎ [JβJ-1], and for chemical force, ΞrF = βG/βrΞΎ, the unit is [Jβmol-1], which deserves a specific acronym [Jol] comparable to volt [V]. For chemical processes of reaction (spontaneous from high-potential substrates to low-potential products) and compartmental diffusion (spontaneous from a high-potential compartment to a low-potential compartment), the advancement is the amount of motive substance that has undergone a compartmental transformation [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the stoichiometric number, Ξ½i, associated with each motive component i (transformant [2]).
In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, drni, with stoichiometric number Ξ½i. The advancement of the chemical reaction, drΞΎ [mol], is defined as,
drΞΎ = drniΒ·Ξ½i-1
The flow of the chemical reaction, Ir [molΒ·s-1], is advancement per time,
Ir = drΞΎΒ·dt-1
This concept of advancement is extended to compartmental diffusion and the advancement of charged particles [3], and to any discontinuous transformation in compartmental systems [2],
Abbreviation: dtrΞΎ
Reference: Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem
Communicated by Gnaiger E (last update 2018-11-02)
Advancement per volume
- The advancement of a transformation in a closed homogenous system (chemical reaction) or discontinuous system (diffusion) causes a change of concentration of substances i.
- The advancement causes a change of concentration due to a transformation, Ξtrc, in contrast to a difference of concentrations calculated between difference states, Ξtrc.
- Β» Advancement per volume, dtrY = dtrΞΎβV-1
Template:Keywords Membrane potential
References
- De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
- Prigogine I (1967) Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Interscience New York, 3rd ed:147pp. - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics