Difference between revisions of "Advancement"
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{{MitoPedia | {{MitoPedia | ||
|abbr=d<sub>tr</sub>''Ī¾'' | |abbr=d<sub>tr</sub>''Ī¾'' | ||
|description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MUās<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [Aā”Cās<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [Wā”Jās<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [molāsĀ<sup>-1</sup>]. The corresponding isomorphic [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [JāMU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [Vā”JāC<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [Jāmol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''Ī½''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [ | |description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MUās<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [Aā”Cās<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [Wā”Jās<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [molāsĀ<sup>-1</sup>] ('''extent of reaction''' per time). The corresponding isomorphic [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [JāMU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [Vā”JāC<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [Jāmol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''Ī½''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]). | ||
In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d<sub>r</sub>''n''<sub>X</sub>, with stoichiometric number ''Ī½''<sub>X</sub>. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d<sub>r</sub>''Ī¾'' [mol], is then defined as | In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d<sub>r</sub>''n''<sub>X</sub>, with stoichiometric number ''Ī½''<sub>X</sub>. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d<sub>r</sub>''Ī¾'' [mol], is then defined as | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
:::# De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. | |||
:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |Ā»Bioblast linkĀ«]] | :::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |Ā»Bioblast linkĀ«]] | ||
Revision as of 08:27, 20 October 2018
Description
In an isomorphic analysis, any form of flow is the advancement of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific motive unit [MUās-1], e.g., ampere for electric flow or current [Aā”Cās-1], watt for heat flow [Wā”Jās-1], and for chemical flow the unit is [molās-1] (extent of reaction per time). The corresponding isomorphic forces are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [JāMU-1], expressed in volt for electric force [Vā”JāC-1], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [Jāmol-1], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the stoichiometric number, Ī½X, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).
In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, drnX, with stoichiometric number Ī½X. The advancement of the chemical reaction, drĪ¾ [mol], is then defined as
drĪ¾ = drnXĀ·Ī½X-1
The flow of the chemical reaction, Ir [molĀ·s-1], is advancement per time,
Ir = drĪ¾Ā·dt-1
Abbreviation: dtrĪ¾
Reference: Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem
Communicated by Gnaiger E 2018-10-16
- Ā» Advancement per volume, dtrY = dtrĪ¾āV-1
References
- De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - Ā»Bioblast linkĀ«
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