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- Alternative oxidase + ('''Alternative quinol oxidases''' AOX are … '''Alternative quinol oxidases''' AOX are membrane-bound enzymes capable of supporting [[cyanide]]- and [[antimycin A]]-resistant mitochondrial respiration. AOX catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol and the reduction of oxygen to water in a four-electron process. As this bypasses several proton-translocating steps, induction of this alternative pathway is associated with a reduction of ATP production per oxygen consumed. AOX is found in most plants (including microalgae), many fungi and protists, but is not expressed in animals. AOX is inhibited by [[salicylhydroxamic acid]] (SHAM). Expression and activity of the enzyme are modified by environmental conditions such as temperature, oxidative stress, nutrient availability, and pathogens such as viruses.ailability, and pathogens such as viruses.)
