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Term	Abbreviation	Description
Iconic symbols		Iconic symbols are used in ergodynamics to indicate more explicitely — compared to standard SI or IUPAC symbols — the quantity represented and some boundary conditions. This is particularly the case in normalized quantities (ratios of quantities). Iconic (or canonical) symbols help to clarify the meaning, are based on SI and IUPAC symbols as far as possible, and may be translated into more commonly used, practical symbols. Several ambiguities in SI and IUPAC symbols are eliminated by the systematic structure of iconic symbols, but it may be impossible to avoid all ambiguities, particulary when long (canonical) symbols are abbreviated in a particular context. Clarity is improved always by showing the unit of a quantity together with the symbol of the quantity. Iconic symbols cannot be identical with IUPAC symbols when a different definition is used — this would add to the confusion. For example, the IUPAC symbols n_B [mol] and V_B [m³] denote amount and volume of B. Consequently, it should be expected, that the symbol Q_B indicates charge of B [C]. However, the IUPAC symbol Q_B is used for particle charge per ion B [C·x^-1]. This prohibits a consistent definition of Q_B as a potential iconic symbol for charge carried by a given quantity of ions B with unit [C], instead of particle charge per ion B with unit [C·x^-1]. Hence, the conventional ambigous system forces compatible iconic symbols to be more complicated, using Q_elB [C] and Q_NB [C·x^-1] to distinguish charge of B from charge per elementary B. Q_nB [C·mol^-1] is charge per molar amount of B.
Illumination	F10	The chambers of the Oroboros O2k are illuminated by an internal LED. The illumination is switched on and off in DatLab during the experiment by pressing [F10]. This illumination must be distinguished from light introduced into the chambers by LEDs for the purpose of spectrophotometric and fluorometric measurements. For these, the internal illumination must be switched off.
Illumination on/off	F10	The illumination in both chambers is switched on/off.
Impact factor	IF	Impact factor is a measure of a scientific journal's citations per publication. The Journal Citation Reports, maintained by Clarivate Analytics, provides the calculated impact factors. The IF is frequently used as an indicator of a journal's importance or prestige, which is nowadays increasingly contested.
Improvement score	RIS	The relative improvement score, RIS, provides a measure of improvement of a trait from a value measured at baseline, B, to a value measured after treatment, T, expressing the total improvement, T-B, in relation to the theoretical scope of improvement and the level of the trait observed at baseline. 'RIS incorporates the concept of diminishing returns and consideres maintaining a high value of a trait as an improvement relative to the potential loss.
In vitro diagnostic medical device	IVD	A medical device is an in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD) if it is a reagent, calibrator, control material, kit, specimen receptacle, software, instrument, apparatus, equipment or system, whether used alone or in combination with other diagnostic goods for in vitro use.
Incident light		The term incident light is used for a beam of light falling upon a surface.
Inclusion criteria		The Inclusion criteria are based on key features of the target population that the researchers will use to answer their question. These criteria should identify the study population in a consistent, reliable, uniform, and objective manner. With the Exclusion criteria, this factor must be a cofounder for the outcome parameter
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Growth Charts Committee 2015 Indian Pediatr
Inorganic phosphate	P_i	Inorgnic phosphate (P_i) is a salt of phosphoric acid. In solution near physiological pH, the species HPO₄^2- and H₂PO₄^- dominate. See also: Phosphate carrier (Pic).
Inside the O2k		A glance inside the Oroboros O2k
Install Oroboros protocol package		The standard Instrumental and SUIT DL-Protocols package is automatically implemented with the simple DatLab programme installation. We recommend a 'clean install': rename your previous DatLab programme subdirectory (e.g. C:\DatLab_OLD). Updates and newly developed DL protocols can be simply downloaded by clicking on [Protocols]\Install Oroboros protocol package.
Instrumental: Browse DL-Protocols and templates		Instrumental DL-Protocols (DLP) including DatLab example traces, instructions, brief explanatory texts, links to relevant pages and templates for data evaluation can be browsed from inside DatLab 7.4. Click on menu [Protocols]\Instrumental: Browse DL-Protocols and templates to open a folder with all the DL-Protocols and templates for cleaning, calibration, and background determination provided with the DatLab 7.4. Select a sub-directory and open an DL-Protocol and/or template as desired.
Integration time		Integration time is the time taken to scan a single full range spectrum using photodiode arrays. It is equivalent to the exposure time for a camera. The shortest integration time defines the fastest response time of a spectrophotometer. Increasing the integration time increases the sensitivity of the device. The white balance or balance and subsequent measurements must always be carried out at the same integration time.
Intensive quantity		Intensive quantities are partial derivatives of an extensive quantity by the advancement, d_trξ_X, of an energy transformation tr; example: Force. In contrast to extensive quantities which pertain to the entire system and are additive, extensive quantities 'take well defined values at each point of the system' (Prigogine 1967 Interscience) and are non-additive. Intensive and extensive quantities can be easily discriminated by the units, e.g. [J] for the extensive quantity, in contrast to [J·mol^-1] for the corresponding intensive quantity. In the general definition of thermodynamics, intensive quantities are not distinguished from specific quantities (Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book). Ergodynamics emphasizes the contrast between specific quantities which are extensive quantities normalized for a variable expressing system size (mass, volume of the system, amount of substance in a system) and intensive quantities which are normalized for the motive unit of a transformation (mass exchanged, volume change of the system, amount of substance reacting in a system; Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem). Intensive and specific quantities are both non-additive, take well defined values at each point of the system, and both corresponding quantities are expressed in identical units, e.g. the intensive quantity Gibbs force of a catabolic reaction (such as oxidation; 0 = -1 Glc - 6 O₂ + 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O), Δ_kG_Glc [kJ·mol^-1], and the specific quantity Gibbs energy per mole glucose contained in a system, G_Glc [kJ·mol^-1] (with respect to an arbitrarily defined reference state, such as the reference state of formation or combustion).
Interlaboratory comparison		An interlaboratory comparison is the organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions.
Internal flow	I_i [MU·s^-1]	Within the system boundaries, irreversible internal flows, I_i,—including chemical reactions and the dissipation of internal gradients of heat and matter—contribute to internal entropy production, d_iS/dt. In contrast, external flows, I_e, of heat, work, and matter proceed reversibly across the system boundaries (of zero thickness). Flows are expressed in various formats per unit of time, with corresponding motive units [MU], such as chemical [mol], electrical [C], mass [kg]. Flow is an extensive quantity, in contrast to flux as a specific quantity.
Internal-energy	U [J]	Internal-energy, U [J], can neither be destroyed nor created (first law of thermodynamics: d_iU/dt = 0). Note that internal (subscript i), as opposed to external (subscript e), must be distinguished from "internal-energy", U, which contrasts with "Helmholtz energy", A, as enthalpy, H, contrasts with Gibbs energy, G.
International Mito Patients (IMP)	IMP	The International Mito Patients is a network of national patient organizations involved in mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial disease is a rare disease with a limited number of patients per country. The national patient organizations which are a member of IMP each are active and powerful in their own countries. By joining forces IMP can represent a large group of patients and as such be their voice on an international level.
International Society for Mountain Medicine	ISMM	The International Society for Mountain Medicine is an interdisciplinary society comprising about xx members worldwide. Its purpose is ..

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