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A list of all pages that have property "Description" with value "-27-27'98-27-27'-23-23-23-20-27-27PR-2DAccessories-27-27". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

Showing below up to 25 results starting with #1.

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  • Volume  + ('''Volume''' ''V'' is a derived quantity b'''Volume''' ''V'' is a derived quantity based on the SI base quantity [[length]] [m] and is expressed in terms of [[SI base units]] in the derived unit cubic meter [m<sup>3</sup>]. The liter [L = dm<sup>3</sup>] is a conventional unit of volume for concentration and is used for most solution chemical kinetics. The volume ''V'' contained in a system (experimental chamber) is separated from the environment by the system boundaries; this is called the volume of the system, and described in practical language as big/small (derived from [[length]], [[height]]) or voluminous. Systems are defined at constant volume or constant [[pressure]]. For a pure sample S, the volume ''V''<sub>S</sub> of the pure sample equals the volume ''V'' of the system, ''V''<sub>S</sub> = ''V''. For [[sample]] s in a mixture, the ratio ''V''<sub>s</sub>·''V''<sup>-1</sup> is the nondimensional [[volume fraction]] ''Φ''<sub>s</sub> of sample s. Quantities divided by volume are [[concentration]]s of sample s in a mixture, such as [[count]] concentration ''C<sub>X</sub>'' = ''N<sub>X</sub>''·''V''<sup>-1</sup> [x·L<sup>-1</sup>], and amount of substance concentration ''C''<sub>B</sub> = ''n''<sub>B</sub>·''V''<sup>-1</sup> [mol·L<sup>-1</sup>]. Mass concentration is [[density]] ''ρ''<sub>s</sub> = ''m''<sub>s</sub>·''V''<sup>-1</sup> [kg·L<sup>-1</sup>]. In closed compressible systems (with a gas phase), the concentration of the gas increases, when pressure-volume [[work]] is performed on the system.is performed on the system.)
  • Wavelength averaging  + ('''Wavelength averaging''' is the averagin'''Wavelength averaging''' is the averaging of several adjacent data points across the recorded spectrum (spectral [[smoothing]]), to improve the [[signal-to-noise ratio]]. For example, if the instrument recorded 5 data points per nm, the average of the 5 points can be taken for each successive nm across the range of the spectrum to give a 5-point smoothing. This method clearly reduces the wavelength [[resolution]].[[resolution]].)
  • Work  + ('''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]]'''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]] in the First Law of thermodynamics, and a specific form of [[exergy]] in the Second Law of thermodynamics, performed by a closed or open system on its surroundings (the environment). This is the definition of ''external'' work, which is zero in [[isolated system]]s. The term exergy includes external and internal work. Mechanical work is force [N] times path length [m]. The internal-energy change of a closed system, d''U'', is due to external exchange (e) of work and heat, and external total work (et, including pressure-volume work) is the internal-energy change minus heat,</br> d<sub>et</sub>''W'' = d''U'' - d<sub>e</sub>''Q''b>et</sub>''W'' = d''U'' - d<sub>e</sub>''Q'')
  • Zero calibration  + ('''Zero calibration''' is, together with [[air calibration]]'''Zero calibration''' is, together with [[air calibration]], one of the two steps of the POS calibration. It is performed in the [[closed chamber]] after all the oxygen has been depleted by the addition of [[dithionite]] or by respiration of [[Isolated mitochondria |imt]] or [[Living cells |cells]]. Any incubation medium can be used for zero calibration with dithionite or sample. Unlike air calibration, it is not necessary to perform a zero calibration on each experimental day. After performing a zero calibration, it is recommended not running other experiments on the same day. Even after standard cleaning of the O2k-chambers, there might be residual amounts of reduced dithionite in the chamber, affecting the oxygen flux in subsequent experiments performed on the same day.ent experiments performed on the same day.)
  • DatLab 2  + ('''[[DatLab]] 2''' (DL2) is a MS-DOS programe. DL2 is still used for analysis of [[oxygen kinetics]], after exporting files recorded in recent DatLab versions. A user-friendly O2-kinetics module is in preparation (DL8).)
  • Substrates as electron donors  + ('''[[Substrate]]'''[[Substrate]]s as electron donors''' are reduced fuel compounds ''S''<sub>red</sub> that are oxidized to an oxidized product ''P''<sub>ox</sub> during H<sup>+</sup>-linked electron transfer, ''S''<sub>red</sub> → ''P''<sub>ox</sub> + 2{H<sup>+</sup> + e<sup>-</sup>}. Mitochondrial respiration depends on a continuous flow of electron-supplying substrates across the mitochondrial membranes into the matrix space. Many substrates are strong anions that cannot permeate lipid membranes and hence require carriers.anes into the matrix space. Many substrates are strong anions that cannot permeate lipid membranes and hence require carriers.)
  • Base quantities and count  + ('''[[Template:Base quantities and count]]''')
  • ArXiv preprint server  + ('''arXiv''' is a classic preprint server i'''arXiv''' is a classic preprint server initiated in 1991 by Paul Ginsparg. {''Quote''} arXiv.org is a highly-automated electronic archive and distribution server for research articles. Covered areas include physics, mathematics, computer science, nonlinear sciences, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. arXiv is maintained and operated by Cornell University with guidance from the arXiv Scientific Advisory Board and the arXiv Member Advisory Board, and with the help of numerous subject moderators. {''end of Quote''}. arXiv rejects abstracts that are submitted without accompanying paper. are submitted without accompanying paper.)
  • BioRxiv preprint server for biology  + ('''bioRxiv''' (pronounced "bio-archive") i'''bioRxiv''' (pronounced "bio-archive") is a free online archive and distribution service for unpublished preprints in the life sciences. It was launched in 2013 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press in New York, and is operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a not-for-profit research and educational institution. By posting preprints on bioRxiv, authors are able to make their findings immediately available to the scientific community and receive feedback on draft manuscripts before they are submitted to journals. bioRxiv is intended for rapid sharing of new research. Some review articles contain new data/analyses and may therefore be deemed appropriate. Reviews that solely summarize existing knowledge are not appropriate and neither are term papers, book excerpts, and undergraduate dissertations.excerpts, and undergraduate dissertations.)
  • PH calibration buffers  + ('''pH calibration buffers''' are prepared to obtain two or more defined pH values for calibration of pH electrodes and pH indicator dyes.)
  • PH combination electrode 150/6 mm  + ('''pH combination electrode''', 150 mm shaft, 6 mm diameter, incl. connection cable with BNC plug. '''Discontinued''' * Replaced by [[O2k-pH ISE-Module]].)
  • PH combination electrode 70/5 mm  + ('''pH-Combination Electrode\70/5 mm''', 70 mm shaft, 5 mm diameter, for 30251-24 stopper. ''' Discontinued ''' * Replaced by [[O2k-pH ISE-Module]].)
  • PX calibration - DatLab  + ('''pX calibration''')
  • Hydroxybutyrate  + ('''β-hydroxybutyrate''' or 3-hydroxybutyrate is a ketone body that can be used as a [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-linked substrate]]. The β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase produces acetoacetate while reducing NAD<sup>+</sup> to [[NADH]]. <br>)
  • Complex I-linked substrate state  + (''See'' '''[[N-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI-linked) versus '''[[Complex I]]''')
  • CI control ratio  + (''See'' '''[[N/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
  • Complex I&II-linked substrate state  + (''See'' '''[[NS-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI<small>&</small>II-linked))
  • Substrate control efficiency  + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control efficiency]]''')
  • Substrate control ratio  + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control ratio]]''')
  • Complex II-linked substrate state  + (''See'' '''[[S-pathway control state]] (previous: CII-linked))
  • CII control ratio  + (''See'' '''[[S/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
  • Group  + (''See'' '''[[population]]'''.)
  • Phosphate  + (''See:'' '''[[Inorganic phosphate]]''')
  • Autoxidation  + (''This definition is insufficient and need''This definition is insufficient and needs elaboration.''</br></br>Autoxidation is a slow process implying oxidation of carbohydrates through oxygen in open air, leading to a primary formation of peroxides and hydroperoxides. UV radiation can speed up this process.s. UV radiation can speed up this process.)
  • Cellular substrates  + ((1) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', endogenous; '''Ce'''. (2) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', with exogenous substrate supply from culture medium or serum; '''Cm'''. * ''This page needs an update.'')
 (-27-27'98-27-27'-23-23-23-20-27-27PR-2DAccessories-27-27)
  • Natoms O  + (0.5 nmol O<sub>2</sub>; in bioenergetics a variety of expressions is used for units of amount of half a nmol molecular oxygen (natoms oxygen; natoms O; ng.atom O; nmol O), with the identical meaning: 0.5 nmol O<sub>2</sub>.)
  • BAM15  + (2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](1,2,5-oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-5-yl)}amine ('''BAM15''') is a protonophore or uncoupler of [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]] detected in a screen for uncoupling agents exerting less toxicity than commonly used uncouplers and first described by [[Kenwood 2013 Mol Metab|Kennwood et al. 2013]]. In their comparison of BAM15 with FCCP it was shown to increase oxygen flux to a similar extent as the classical uncoupler, to display a much broader range of concentrations inducing maximum respiration, to stimulate no formation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, to leave cellular membrane potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.e potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.)
  • 3-Mercaptopropionic acid  + (3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) inhibits long chain [[acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]]s (ACADs).)
  • Mitochondrial states and rates - terminology beyond MitoEAGLE 2020  + (666 coauthors of the 'MitoEAGLE white paper' [1] collaborated to reach a consensus on terminology related to mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. This page is intended to prepare a questionnaire and follow-up publication.)
  • Mitochondria Interest Group  + (<br/> [[File:MIG.gif|128 px|left]]<br/> </br>[[File:MIG.gif|128 px|left]]</br>The '''Mitochondria Interest Group''' (MIG) is an Inter-Institute Interest Group at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with members worldwide! MIG is concerned with all aspects of the mitochondrion and diseases in which the mitochondrion is involved. We hold monthly meetings, usually on the second Monday of the month (except when it is a Federal holiday or other special exceptions). </br></br>[email protected] is an Email list moderated by Ph.D. Steven Zullo as an interactive information platform, with free subscritpion to this mitochondrial network. List members are reminded of their responsibility to critically evaluate the content of the postings. The information, opinions, data, and statements contained herein are not necessarily those of the U. S. Government, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), or MIG and should not be interpreted, acted on or represented as such.be interpreted, acted on or represented as such.)
  • Custom label  + (A '''Custom label''' can be entered in this box to rename the axis label. Two lines are available for the axis name and unit.)
  • Digital Object Identifier  + (A '''Digital Object Identifier''', DOI, isA '''Digital Object Identifier''', DOI, is a persistent identifier used to uniquely identify online publications in order to ensure they remain traceable, searchable and citable over the long term. Compared to other types of persistent identifiers, the DOI system is widespread and well established in the life sciences arena, and it provides widely accepted visible proof that a publication is citable.sible proof that a publication is citable.)
  • Layout for DatLab graphs  + (A '''Layout''' in [[DatLab]]A '''Layout''' in [[DatLab]] selected in the Layout menu yields a standardized display of graphs and [[Plot - DatLab |plots]] displayed with specific [[Scaling - DatLab|scalings]]. The graph layout defines initial settings, which can be modified for plots [Ctrl+F6] and scaling [F6]. A modified layout can be saved as user layout without changing the standard layouts.out without changing the standard layouts.)
  • Lower O2 limit - DatLab  + (A '''Lower O2 limit [µM]''' can be definedA '''Lower O2 limit [µM]''' can be defined for each O2k-chamber, to trigger an automatic warning when the experimental O<sub>2</sub> concentration drops below this limit. It reminds the user that re-oxygenation of the O2k-chamber may be required. For the lower O<sub>2</sub> concentration limit, the [[critical oxygen pressure |critical oxygen concentration]] should be considered, which differs between isolated mitochondria, large cells, and permeabilized muscle fibers. A higher limit should be chosen when high oxygen flux is expected, e.g. prior to uncoupler titration. A lower limit is acceptable prior to inhibition of respiration causing low oxygen flux.ptable prior to inhibition of respiration causing low oxygen flux.)
  • National Standards Body  + (A '''National Standards Body''' is the national member of the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO).)
  • Notified Body  + (A '''Notified Body''' is an organisation designated by an EU country to assess the conformity of certain products before being placed on the market.)
  • Quality audit  + (A '''Quality Audit''' is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team.)
  • Stand alone application  + (A '''Stand alone application''' is computer software that can work offline, i.e. does not necessarily require network connection to function or does not even provide the possibility to connect to a network.)
  • Upper O2 limit - DatLab  + (A '''Upper O2 limit [µM]''' can be defined for each O2k-chamber, to trigger an automatic warning when the experimental O<sub>2</sub> concentration rises beyond this limit.)
  • Web application  + (A '''Web application''' is a computer software where the [[user interface]] gets accessed by the user through a web browser.)
  • Canonical ensemble  + (A '''canonical ensemble''' is the group ofA '''canonical ensemble''' is the group of compartments enclosed in an isolated system '''H''', with a smaller compartment A<sub>1</sub> in thermal equilibrium with a larger compartment A<sub>2</sub> which is the heat reservoir at temperature ''T''. When A<sub>1</sub> is large in the canonical sense, if its state can be described in terms of macroscopic thermodynamic quantities of ''V'', ''T'', and ''p'' merging with the state described as a probability distribution.T'', and ''p'' merging with the state described as a probability distribution.)
  • Closed system  + (A '''closed system''' is a system with bouA '''closed system''' is a system with boundaries that allow external exchange of energy (heat and work), but do not allow exchange of matter. A limiting case is light and electrons which cross the system boundary when work is exchanged in the form of light or electric energy. If the surroundings are maintained at constant temperature, and heat exchange is rapid to prevent the generation of thermal gradients, then the closed system is isothermal. A frequently considered case are closed isothermal systems at constant pressure (and constant volume with aqueous solutions). Changes of closed systems can be partitioned according to internal and external sources. Closed systems may be homogenous (well mixed and isothermal), continuous with gradients, or [[Discontinuous system|discontinuous]] with compartments (heterogenous).[[Discontinuous system|discontinuous]] with compartments (heterogenous).)
  • Coenzyme  + (A '''coenzyme''' or cosubstrate is a [[cofactor]]A '''coenzyme''' or cosubstrate is a [[cofactor]] that is attached loosely and transiently to an enzyme, in contrast to a [[prosthetic group]] that is attached permanently and tightly. The coenzyme is required by the corresponding enzyme for its activity (IUPAC definition). A coenzyme is 'a low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons' (IUPAC definition).l groups or electrons' (IUPAC definition).)
  • Cofactor  + (A '''cofactor''' is 'an organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely ([[coenzyme]]) or tightly ([[prosthetic group]])' (IUPAC definition).)
  • Coupling-control protocol  + (A '''coupling-control protocol CCP''' induA '''coupling-control protocol CCP''' induces different [[coupling control state]]s at a constant [[electron-transfer-pathway state]]. [[Residual oxygen consumption]] (''Rox'') is finally evaluated for ''Rox'' correction of flux. The CCP may be extended, when further respiratory states (e.g. cell viability test; CIV assay) are added to the coupling control module consisting of three coupling control states. The term '''phosphorylation control protocol''', PCP, has been introduced synonymous for CCP.</br>» [[Coupling_control_protocol#From_PCP_to_CCP |'''MiPNet article''']][Coupling_control_protocol#From_PCP_to_CCP |'''MiPNet article''']])
  • Dataset  + (A '''dataset''' is a collection of data. In the context of databases a dataset represents the collection of entries in a database-table. In this table columns represent [[Attribute|attributes]] and rows display the according values of the entries.)
  • Decimal marker and spaces between groups of numerals  + (A '''decimal marker''' is used to separateA '''decimal marker''' is used to separate the integral part of numbers from the decimal part. The SI recommends: "the symbol for the decimal marker shall be either the point on the line or the comma on the line". In English language versions, the dot (point on the line) should be used uniquely as the decimal marker. To avoid ambiguities, BEC follows the SI recommendation that “Numbers may be divided in groups of three in order to facilitate reading; neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups” (pages 183-184).he spaces between groups” (pages 183-184).)
  • Detector  + (A '''detector''' is a device that convertsA '''detector''' is a device that converts the light falling upon it into a current or voltage that is proportional to the light intensity. The most common devices in current use for [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]] are [[photodiodes]] and [[photodiode arrays]].[[photodiode arrays]].)
  • Difference spectrum  + (A '''difference spectrum''' is an [[absorbance spectrum]]A '''difference spectrum''' is an [[absorbance spectrum]] obtained by subtracting that of one substance from that of another. For example, a '''difference spectrum''' may be plotted of the [[absorbance spectrum]] obtain ed from reduced [[cytochrome c]] and subtracting the [[absorbance spectrum]] from the same concentration of [[cytochrome c]] in its oxidised state. The [[difference spectrum]] may be used to quantify the amount to which the [[cytochrome c]] is reduced. This can be achieved with the aid of a [[reference spectrum]] (or spectra) and the [[least squares method]].[[least squares method]].)
  • Directive  + (A '''directive''' is a legal act of the European Union, which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result.)