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This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

TIP2k-Needle Safety Support + ('''TIP2k-Needle Safety Support''': for safe storage of TIP2k-needles when not required during the experiment. This item is a standard component of the [[TIP2k-Module]].)
TMRM + ('''TMRM''' (tetramethylrhodamine methyl es … '''TMRM''' (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] used as a probe to determine changes in [[Mitochondrial_membrane_potential|mitochondrial membrane potential]]. TMRM is a lipophilic cation that is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix in proportion to Δ''ψ''mt. Upon accumulation of the dye it exhibits a red shift in its absorption and fluorescence emission spectrum. The fluorescence intensity is quenched when the dye is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix.en the dye is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix.)
Tetrahydrofolate + ('''Tetrahydrofolate''', THF, is the substrate in mitochondrial folate-mediated 1C metabolism, an [[NADH-linked pathway]] leading to the formation of formate which is exported to the cytosol.)
Tetraphenylphosphonium + ('''Tetraphenylphosphonium''' (TPP+). A lipophilic molecular probe in conjunction with an ion selective electrode (ISE) for [[Mitochondrial membrane potential | measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential]].)
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone + ('''Thenoyltrifluoroacetone''' TTFA is a noncompetitive inhibitor of CII binding on the quinone-binding (SDHC/SDHD).)
Thioredoxin reductase + ('''Thioredoxin reductase''' (TrxR) is a family of enzymes able to reduce thioredoxin in mammals.)
Time resolution + ('''Time resolution''' in respirometric measurements is influenced by three parameters: the [[response time of the POS]], the data sampling interval and the number of points used for flux calculation.)
Traceability + ('''Traceability''' is the property of the … '''Traceability''' is the property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties [SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 6.10].nties [SOURCE: VIM:1993, definition 6.10].)
Trueness of measurement + ('''Trueness of measurement''' is the close … '''Trueness of measurement''' is the closeness of agreement between the average value obtained from a large series of results of measurements and a true value (adapted from ISO 3534-1:1993, definition 3.12). The degree of trueness is usually expressed numerically by the statistical measure bias that is inversely related to trueness and is the difference between the expectation of the results of measurement and a true value of the [[measurand]].[[measurand]].)
Trueness + ('''Trueness''' is understood as the lack of [[bias]] and the instrument calibration procedures are the key factor on establishing and correcting it.)
USB-RS232 Serial Adapter + ('''USB-RS232 Serial Adapter''', for connec … '''USB-RS232 Serial Adapter''', for connecting the [[RS232-Cable]] attached to the [[O2k-Main Unit]] (Series A-D) to the USB port of the PC or laptop. This is not required for O2k-Series E, nor when using a PC or laptop with a serial RS232 port. '''Discontinued'''th a serial RS232 port. '''Discontinued''')
Uncertainty of measurement + ('''Uncertainty of measurement''' is a para … '''Uncertainty of measurement''' is a parameter, associated with the result of a [[measurement]], that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the [[measurand]]. The parameter can be, for example, a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval having a stated level of confidence. The components of uncertainty are evaluated experimentally from statistical distributions (Type A) or evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or other information (Type B). All components are expressed as standard uncertainties that are combined into one final expression.at are combined into one final expression.)
Uncoupling protein 1 + ('''Uncoupling protein 1''' (UCP1) is also … '''Uncoupling protein 1''' (UCP1) is also called thermogenin and is predominantly found in brown adipose tissue (BAT). UCP1 belongs to the gene family of [[uncoupling proteins]]. It is vital for the maintenance of body temperature, especially for small mammals. As the essential component of non-shivering thermogenesis, it possesses the ability to build and open a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane through which protons may flow along their electrochemical gradient, generated by respiration, bypassing the ATP-producing re-entry site at the F1F0-ATP synthase. Thereby the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient is dissipated as heat.rochemical gradient is dissipated as heat.)
Uncoupling protein 2 + ('''Uncoupling protein 2''' (UCP2) belongs to the gene family of [[uncoupling proteins]]. Whereas [[Uncoupling protein 1 |UCP1]] acts as an [[uncoupler]], this may not be the case for UCP2.)
Uncoupling proteins + ('''Uncoupling proteins''' (UCPs) are mitoc … '''Uncoupling proteins''' (UCPs) are mitochondrial anion carrier proteins that can be found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of animals and plants. [[Uncoupling protein 1 |UCP1]] acts as an [[uncoupler]] by dissipating the electrochemical proton gradient ([[mitochondrial membrane potential]]), generated by the [[electron transfer pathway]] by pumping protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. to the mitochondrial intermembrane space.)
Units in figures and tables + ('''Units in figures and tables''' are spec … '''Units in figures and tables''' are specified together with the numerical values. The ''value'' of a quantity ''Q'' is the product of a [[number]] ''N'' and a [[unit]] ''u''''Q''. Abstract units ''u''''Q'' (such as dm3=L, kg, J) are linked to measured quantities (such as volume, mass, energy): Eq.(1) ''Q''''u'' = ''N''·''u''''Q''The multiplication in Eq.(1) can be handled like any mathematical equation and re-arranged to the form which indicates the meaning (left) of a number (right): Eq.(2a) ''Q''''u''/''u''''Q'' = ''N'' Eq.(2b) ''N''''X''/x = ''N''When numbers are given on the axes of figures and in tables, the corresponding labels should be indicated according to Eq.(2), where Eq.(2a) applies to measured quantities, whereas Eq.(2b) relates to the countable quantity, i.e. [[count]] with unit [x]. For example, the axis label for volume-specific oxygen flux may be written as ''J''''V'',O2 / [pmol/(s·mL)] and cell-count specific oxygen flow as ''I''O2 / [amol/(s·x)].s ''J''''V'',O2 / [pmol/(s·mL)] and cell-count specific oxygen flow as ''I''O2 / [amol/(s·x)].)
Velocity + ('''Velocity''', '''''v''''' [m·s … '''Velocity''', '''''v''''' [m·s-1], is the [[speed]] in a defined spatial direction, and as such velocity is a [[vector]]. Velocity is the [[advancement]] in distance per unit time, '''''v''''' ≡ d'''''z''''' ∙ d''t''-1 [m·s-1] d'''''z''''' ∙ d''t''-1 [m·s-1])
Viable cells + ('''Viable cells''' vce are characterized by an intact plasma membrane barrier function. The total cell count (''N''ce) is the sum of viable cells (''N''vce) and dead cells (''N''dce).)
Viton + ('''Viton'''® is a fluoroelastomer with excellent resistance to aggressive fuels and chemicals. Viton is resistant against oxygen diffusion which makes it an ideal material for high-resolution respirometry (Viton O-rings).)
Volume + ('''Volume''' ''V'' is a derived quantity b … '''Volume''' ''V'' is a derived quantity based on the SI base quantity [[length]] [m] and is expressed in terms of [[SI base units]] in the derived unit cubic meter [m3]. The liter [L = dm3] is a conventional unit of volume for concentration and is used for most solution chemical kinetics. The volume ''V'' contained in a system (experimental chamber) is separated from the environment by the system boundaries; this is called the volume of the system, and described in practical language as big/small (derived from [[length]], [[height]]) or voluminous. Systems are defined at constant volume or constant [[pressure]]. For a pure sample S, the volume ''V''S of the pure sample equals the volume ''V'' of the system, ''V''S = ''V''. For [[sample]] s in a mixture, the ratio ''V''s·''V''-1 is the nondimensional [[volume fraction]] ''Φ''s of sample s. Quantities divided by volume are [[concentration]]s of sample s in a mixture, such as [[count]] concentration ''CX'' = ''NX''·''V''-1 [x·L-1], and amount of substance concentration ''C''B = ''n''B·''V''-1 [mol·L-1]. Mass concentration is [[density]] ''ρ''s = ''m''s·''V''-1 [kg·L-1]. In closed compressible systems (with a gas phase), the concentration of the gas increases, when pressure-volume [[work]] is performed on the system.is performed on the system.)
Wavelength averaging + ('''Wavelength averaging''' is the averagin … '''Wavelength averaging''' is the averaging of several adjacent data points across the recorded spectrum (spectral [[smoothing]]), to improve the [[signal-to-noise ratio]]. For example, if the instrument recorded 5 data points per nm, the average of the 5 points can be taken for each successive nm across the range of the spectrum to give a 5-point smoothing. This method clearly reduces the wavelength [[resolution]].[[resolution]].)
Work + ('''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]] … '''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]] in the First Law of thermodynamics, and a specific form of [[exergy]] in the Second Law of thermodynamics, performed by a closed or open system on its surroundings (the environment). This is the definition of ''external'' work, which is zero in [[isolated system]]s. The term exergy includes external and internal work. Mechanical work is force [N] times path length [m]. The internal-energy change of a closed system, d''U'', is due to external exchange (e) of work and heat, and external total work (et, including pressure-volume work) is the internal-energy change minus heat, det''W'' = d''U'' - de''Q''b>et''W'' = d''U'' - de''Q'')
Zero calibration + ('''Zero calibration''' is, together with [[air calibration]] … '''Zero calibration''' is, together with [[air calibration]], one of the two steps of the POS calibration. It is performed in the [[closed chamber]] after all the oxygen has been depleted by the addition of [[dithionite]] or by respiration of [[Isolated mitochondria |imt]] or [[Living cells |cells]]. Any incubation medium can be used for zero calibration with dithionite or sample. Unlike air calibration, it is not necessary to perform a zero calibration on each experimental day. After performing a zero calibration, it is recommended not running other experiments on the same day. Even after standard cleaning of the O2k-chambers, there might be residual amounts of reduced dithionite in the chamber, affecting the oxygen flux in subsequent experiments performed on the same day.ent experiments performed on the same day.)
DatLab 2 + ('''[[DatLab]] 2''' (DL2) is a MS-DOS programe. DL2 is still used for analysis of [[oxygen kinetics]], after exporting files recorded in recent DatLab versions. A user-friendly O2-kinetics module is in preparation (DL8).)
Substrates as electron donors + ('''[[Substrate]] … '''[[Substrate]]s as electron donors''' are reduced fuel compounds ''S''red that are oxidized to an oxidized product ''P''ox during H+-linked electron transfer, ''S''red → ''P''ox + 2{H+ + e-}. Mitochondrial respiration depends on a continuous flow of electron-supplying substrates across the mitochondrial membranes into the matrix space. Many substrates are strong anions that cannot permeate lipid membranes and hence require carriers.anes into the matrix space. Many substrates are strong anions that cannot permeate lipid membranes and hence require carriers.)

Base quantities and count + ('''[[Template:Base quantities and count]]''')

ArXiv preprint server + ('''arXiv''' is a classic preprint server i … '''arXiv''' is a classic preprint server initiated in 1991 by Paul Ginsparg. {''Quote''} arXiv.org is a highly-automated electronic archive and distribution server for research articles. Covered areas include physics, mathematics, computer science, nonlinear sciences, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. arXiv is maintained and operated by Cornell University with guidance from the arXiv Scientific Advisory Board and the arXiv Member Advisory Board, and with the help of numerous subject moderators. {''end of Quote''}. arXiv rejects abstracts that are submitted without accompanying paper. are submitted without accompanying paper.)
BioRxiv preprint server for biology + ('''bioRxiv''' (pronounced "bio-archive") i … '''bioRxiv''' (pronounced "bio-archive") is a free online archive and distribution service for unpublished preprints in the life sciences. It was launched in 2013 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press in New York, and is operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a not-for-profit research and educational institution. By posting preprints on bioRxiv, authors are able to make their findings immediately available to the scientific community and receive feedback on draft manuscripts before they are submitted to journals. bioRxiv is intended for rapid sharing of new research. Some review articles contain new data/analyses and may therefore be deemed appropriate. Reviews that solely summarize existing knowledge are not appropriate and neither are term papers, book excerpts, and undergraduate dissertations.excerpts, and undergraduate dissertations.)
PH calibration buffers + ('''pH calibration buffers''' are prepared to obtain two or more defined pH values for calibration of pH electrodes and pH indicator dyes.)
PH combination electrode 150/6 mm + ('''pH combination electrode''', 150 mm shaft, 6 mm diameter, incl. connection cable with BNC plug. '''Discontinued''' * Replaced by [[O2k-pH ISE-Module]].)
PH combination electrode 70/5 mm + ('''pH-Combination Electrode\70/5 mm''', 70 mm shaft, 5 mm diameter, for 30251-24 stopper. ''' Discontinued ''' * Replaced by [[O2k-pH ISE-Module]].)
PX calibration - DatLab + ('''pX calibration''')
Hydroxybutyrate + ('''β-hydroxybutyrate''' or 3-hydroxybutyrate is a ketone body that can be used as a [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-linked substrate]]. The β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase produces acetoacetate while reducing NAD+ to [[NADH]]. )
Complex I-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[N-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI-linked) versus '''[[Complex I]]''')
CI control ratio + (''See'' '''[[N/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
Complex I&II-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[NS-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI&II-linked))
Substrate control efficiency + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control efficiency]]''')
Substrate control ratio + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control ratio]]''')
Complex II-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[S-pathway control state]] (previous: CII-linked))
CII control ratio + (''See'' '''[[S/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
Group + (''See'' '''[[population]]'''.)
Phosphate + (''See:'' '''[[Inorganic phosphate]]''')
Standard operating procedures + (''The following definition is incomplete.'' '''Standard operating procedures''' are a set of step-by-step instructions to achieve a predictable, standardized, desired result often within the context of a longer overall process.)
Solution protocols + (''The following definition lacks quality control and is not applied as such in the Oroboros QM.'' '''Solution protocols''' contain media, substrates, uncouplers, inhibitors used in [[SUIT|SUIT protocols]], permeabilization agents, etc.)
Project + (''The following definition lacks quality c … ''The following definition lacks quality control and is not applied as such in the Oroboros QM.''A scientific project is a collection of [[experiment| experiments]] designed to proof or disproof a specific hypothesis. The [[experiment| experiments]] will follow the logic of the scientific discovery [1] on which a hypothesis will support a prediction and this will be tested by experimental [[assay| assays]] (''i.e.'', observations under controlled conditions). The result of these experiments will proof or disproof the specific hypothesis and, usually, provide new hypotheses to test. A scientific project must be carefully designed to obtain relevant statistical information through enough [[replica| data collection]].[1] Popper K (2002) The logic of scientific discovery. Routledge Classics. ISBN: 978-0-415-27843-0outledge Classics. ISBN: 978-0-415-27843-0)
Autoxidation + (''This definition is insufficient and need … ''This definition is insufficient and needs elaboration.''Autoxidation is a slow process implying oxidation of carbohydrates through oxygen in open air, leading to a primary formation of peroxides and hydroperoxides. UV radiation can speed up this process.s. UV radiation can speed up this process.)
Cellular substrates + ((1) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', endogenous; '''Ce'''. (2) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', with exogenous substrate supply from culture medium or serum; '''Cm'''. * ''This page needs an update.'')
Natoms O + (0.5 nmol O2; in bioenergetics a variety of expressions is used for units of amount of half a nmol molecular oxygen (natoms oxygen; natoms O; ng.atom O; nmol O), with the identical meaning: 0.5 nmol O2.)
BAM15 + (2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino]( … 2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](1,2,5-oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-5-yl)}amine ('''BAM15''') is a protonophore or uncoupler of [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]] detected in a screen for uncoupling agents exerting less toxicity than commonly used uncouplers and first described by [[Kenwood 2013 Mol Metab|Kennwood et al. 2013]]. In their comparison of BAM15 with FCCP it was shown to increase oxygen flux to a similar extent as the classical uncoupler, to display a much broader range of concentrations inducing maximum respiration, to stimulate no formation of H2O2, to leave cellular membrane potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.e potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.)
3-Mercaptopropionic acid + (3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) inhibits long chain [[acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]]s (ACADs).)
Mitochondrial states and rates - terminology beyond MitoEAGLE 2020 + (666 coauthors of the 'MitoEAGLE white paper' [1] collaborated to reach a consensus on terminology related to mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. This page is intended to prepare a questionnaire and follow-up publication.)