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...]]. Exergy as the dissipated Gibbs or Helmholtz energy is the irreversibly dissipated (internal) loss of the potential of performing work as defined in the Secon Changes of exergy d''G'' plus [[bound energy]] yield the [[enthalpy]] change:

...flux of irreversible processes are distinguished as the time rate of Gibbs energy and enthalpy changes, respectively.

...al power which can be maximally converted into work or can be irreversibly dissipated. A clear distinction between heat flux and power is conceptually revealing,

...y change of the metabolic reactions. Inefficiency and dissipation of Gibbs energy contribute to, but are not generally identical with the calorimetric measur

...onstant [[volume]] (d''V'' = 0) or constant gas [[pressure]] (d''p'' = 0). Energy is exchanged between a system and the environment across the system boundar ...of internal-energy, stating that energy cannot be generated or destroyed: energy can only be transformed into different forms of work and heat, and transfer

...tric) pressure, ''T'',''p''. Exergy is available as [[work]] in reversible energy transformations (100 % [[efficiency]]), and can be partially conserved when |info=<u>[[Energy]]</u>

...ive stress. However, little is known about this trade‐off since studies of energy metabolism are generally conducted separately from those of oxidative stres ...sub>) in brown trout (''Salmo trutta''), we show here that fasting induces energy savings in a highly metabolically active organ (the liver) but at the cost

...F₁F_O ATPase is also vectorially oriented so that the energy of ATP hydrolysis drives ejection of protons from the matrix. Because it is ...through the ATPsynthase, leading to ATP production. Some of the energy is dissipated by electrophoretic back-diffusion, primarily of K⁺ and H<sup>+</

...o diminished mitochondrial respiration in cerebral cortex homogenates, and dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induced swelling in the presen

...rmulation of isomorphic, compartmental [[force]]s, ∆_tr''F'', in energy (exergy) transformations [2]. Protonmotive means that there is a potential ...force is negative for exergonic transformations in which exergy is lost or dissipated, ∆_m''F''_H⁺''b'', and positive for [[ende

...e to frictional effects, then no work is done and the exergy is completely dissipated. ...</sub>, in thermodynamics or ergodynamics is the partial Gibbs (Helmholtz) energy change per advancement of a transformation (tr).

...ATP synthase. Thereby the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient is dissipated as heat.

...n-mechanical, incompletely coupled systems dissipate part of the potential energy in short-circuits (LEAK). Biochemical coupling is determined by measurement ...lucose concentration (Crabtree effect). ROUTINE activity including aerobic energy expenditure for cell growth is fundamentally different from the definition